John Maynard Keynes
DefinitionJohn Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. He built on and greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles, and was one of the most influential economists of the 20th century and the founder of modern macroeconomic theory....
John Bogle
DefinitionJohn Clifton "Jack" Bogle is an American investor, business magnate, and philanthropist. He is the founder and retired chief executive of The Vanguard Group. John Bogle What is 'John Bogle' The founder of The Vanguard Group, and a major figure in the index investing community. John Bogle was the first person to offer an index fund to...
Johannesburg Interbank Agreed Rate (JIBAR)
What is 'Johannesburg Interbank Agreed Rate - JIBAR' The money market rate that is used by South Africa. The rate comes in one-month, three-month, six-month and 12-month discount terms. Explaining 'Johannesburg Interbank Agreed Rate - JIBAR' The rate is determined as an average of the rates indicated by local and international banks. JIBAR is...
January Effect
What is the January Effect and does it exist The January effect is a theory that posits that stock prices tend to rise at the beginning of the year. The theory is based on the idea that investors sell off their losing stocks at the end of the year for tax purposes, and then buy them back at the beginning...
Joint Stock Company
Definition A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares. Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company. Joint Stock Company What is a 'Joint Stock Company' A joint...
Jingle Mail
What is 'Jingle Mail' A situation where a homeowner mails his or her house keys to a mortgage lender due to an inability to meet mortgage payment obligations and a lack of equity in the property. If a homeowner is upside-down in a mortgage and feels the entire loan is a lost cause, he or she may...
Jerry A. Hausman
DefinitionJerry Allen Hausman is the John and Jennie S. MacDonald Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a notable econometrician. He has published numerous influential papers in microeconometrics. Hausman is the recipient of several prestigious awards including the John Bates Clark Medal in 1985 and the Frisch Medal in 1980. Jerry A. Hausman What is...
James A. Mirrlees
DefinitionSir James Alexander Mirrlees is a Scottish economist and winner of the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He was knighted in 1998. James A. Mirrlees What is 'James A. Mirrlees' An economist who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1996, along with William Vickrey, for his work on information asymmetry as it relates...
Joint Bond
What is 'Joint Bond' A bond that is guaranteed by a party other than the issuer. A joint bond is an issue which is essentially a liability to multiple parties. These parties may be both corporate entities or government agencies. Explaining 'Joint Bond' While joint bonds can include any combination of parties,...
Java
What is 'Java' Java is a programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. It is designed to have the ability to run across multiple operating systems and on various manufacturers’ architectures. The phrase “Write Once Run Anywhere” conveys the idea that once compiled, it can run on a variety of platforms and chipsets. Java technology is present in everything from computers...